ROW costs include obtaining rights-of-way and allowing for damages. Miscellaneous costs generally cover surveying, engineering, supervision, contingencies, telecommunications equipment, freight, taxes, allowances for funds used during construction (AFUDC), administration and overheads, and regulatory filing fees. Materials may include line pipe, pipe coating, and cathodic protection. The cost per category, expressed as a percentage of total construction costs, tends to vary by both location and year. There are four categories of pipeline construction costs material, labor, miscellaneous, and right-of-way (ROW). Global Fossil Infrastructure Tracker median for 64 onshore and offshore projects: $2.34 million/km (date unspecified, worldwide).American Petroleum Institute 2017: $3.32 million/km (US onshore gas, national average).Oil & Gas Journal 2014-2015: $3.23 million/km (US onshore gas).Oil & Gas Journal 2015-2016: $4.75 million/km (US onshore gas).The following are ranges for pipeline cost estimates. 8 American Petroleum Institute 2017 Estimate.
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